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Spring整合mybatis中的sqlSession是如何做到线程隔离的?
阅读量:6390 次
发布时间:2019-06-23

本文共 16313 字,大约阅读时间需要 54 分钟。

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项目中常常使用mybatis配合spring进行数据库操作,但是我们知道,数据的操作是要求做到线程安全的,而且按照原来的jdbc的使用方式,每次操作完成之后都要将连接关闭,但是实际使用中我们并没有这么干。

更让人疑惑的点是,spring中默认使用单例形式来加载bean,而往往我们也不会改变这种默认,所以,是所有线程共享数据连接?

让我们来看看真相!

自然是要个例子的:

我们来看下spring中配置mybatis数据库操作bean(使用 druid 连接池):

而在java代码中使用则是使用依赖注入直接使用 sqlSession, 如下:

@Resource    private SqlSessionTemplate sqlSession;    @Override    public User getUser(Map
cond) { // 此句执行db查询 User result = sqlSession.selectOne(NAME_SPACE + ".getUser", cond); return result; }

这个sqlSession就是直接去操作数据库了看起来是这样,是在bean初始化的时候依赖注入的!

所以,难道每次进入该操作的时候,sqlSession 的实例都会变化吗?答案是否定的。

那么,肯定就是往下使用的时候才发生的变化呗!

再往下走,可以看到,调用了一个代理来进行具体的查询!

// org/mybatis/spring/SqlSessionTemplate.selectOne()  public 
T selectOne(String statement, Object parameter) { return this.sqlSessionProxy.
selectOne(statement, parameter); }

为啥要用代理呢?自己直接查不就行了吗?其实,用代理是有好处的,那就可以可以进行另外的包装!

代理是怎么生成的呢?其实只要看一下 SqlSessionTemplate 的构造方法就知道了!

/**   * Constructs a Spring managed {@code SqlSession} with the given   * {@code SqlSessionFactory} and {@code ExecutorType}.   * A custom {@code SQLExceptionTranslator} can be provided as an   * argument so any {@code PersistenceException} thrown by MyBatis   * can be custom translated to a {@code RuntimeException}   * The {@code SQLExceptionTranslator} can also be null and thus no   * exception translation will be done and MyBatis exceptions will be   * thrown   *   * @param sqlSessionFactory   * @param executorType   * @param exceptionTranslator   */  public SqlSessionTemplate(SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory, ExecutorType executorType,      PersistenceExceptionTranslator exceptionTranslator) {    notNull(sqlSessionFactory, "Property 'sqlSessionFactory' is required");    notNull(executorType, "Property 'executorType' is required");    this.sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactory;    this.executorType = executorType;    this.exceptionTranslator = exceptionTranslator;    // 生成代理 SqlSessionInterceptor 为 InvocationHandler    this.sqlSessionProxy = (SqlSession) newProxyInstance(        SqlSessionFactory.class.getClassLoader(),        new Class[] { SqlSession.class },        new SqlSessionInterceptor());  }

从上面的代码,看不到细节,但是,大致还是知道代理的具体实现了!即使用 SqlSessionInterceptor 去处理具体查询逻辑!

我们来看下 SqlSessionInterceptor 的实现!

/**   * Proxy needed to route MyBatis method calls to the proper SqlSession got   * from Spring's Transaction Manager   * It also unwraps exceptions thrown by {@code Method#invoke(Object, Object...)} to   * pass a {@code PersistenceException} to the {@code PersistenceExceptionTranslator}.   */  private class SqlSessionInterceptor implements InvocationHandler {    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {      SqlSession sqlSession = getSqlSession(          SqlSessionTemplate.this.sqlSessionFactory,          SqlSessionTemplate.this.executorType,          SqlSessionTemplate.this.exceptionTranslator);      try {        Object result = method.invoke(sqlSession, args);        if (!isSqlSessionTransactional(sqlSession, SqlSessionTemplate.this.sqlSessionFactory)) {          // force commit even on non-dirty sessions because some databases require          // a commit/rollback before calling close()          sqlSession.commit(true);        }        return result;      } catch (Throwable t) {        Throwable unwrapped = unwrapThrowable(t);        if (SqlSessionTemplate.this.exceptionTranslator != null && unwrapped instanceof PersistenceException) {          // release the connection to avoid a deadlock if the translator is no loaded. See issue #22          closeSqlSession(sqlSession, SqlSessionTemplate.this.sqlSessionFactory);          sqlSession = null;          Throwable translated = SqlSessionTemplate.this.exceptionTranslator.translateExceptionIfPossible((PersistenceException) unwrapped);          if (translated != null) {            unwrapped = translated;          }        }        throw unwrapped;      } finally {        if (sqlSession != null) {          closeSqlSession(sqlSession, SqlSessionTemplate.this.sqlSessionFactory);        }      }    }  }

SqlSessionInterceptor 是 SqlSessionTemplate 的内部类,目的只有一个,就是处理多个 session 的db操作!

所有请求都被 invoke() 拦截,从而做相应处理:

  • 进入请求,先生成一个新的sqlSession,为本次db操作做准备;

  • 通过反射调用请求进来的方法,将 sqlSession 回调,进行复杂查询及结果映射;

  • 如果需要立即提交事务,do it;

  • 如果出现异常,包装异常信息,重新抛出;

  • 操作完成后,关闭本次session;

到这里,其实我们好像已经明白了,其实外面的 sqlSession 单例,并不会影响具体的db操作控制,所以不用担心session的线程安全问题!

不过,还有个点值得考虑下,如果我一次请求里有多次数据库操作,难道我真的要创建多个sqlSession或者说数据库连接?不会吧!

如果这个问题得不到解决,可能你并不真正了解session的定义了!

所以我们需要继续看一下 session 到底是怎么获取的?

getSqlSession() 方法是在 SqlSessionUtils 中实现的!如下:

/**   * Gets an SqlSession from Spring Transaction Manager or creates a new one if needed.   * Tries to get a SqlSession out of current transaction. If there is not any, it creates a new one.   * Then, it synchronizes the SqlSession with the transaction if Spring TX is active and   * SpringManagedTransactionFactory is configured as a transaction manager.   *   * @param sessionFactory a MyBatis {@code SqlSessionFactory} to create new sessions   * @param executorType The executor type of the SqlSession to create   * @param exceptionTranslator Optional. Translates SqlSession.commit() exceptions to Spring exceptions.   * @throws TransientDataAccessResourceException if a transaction is active and the   *             {@code SqlSessionFactory} is not using a {@code SpringManagedTransactionFactory}   * @see SpringManagedTransactionFactory   */  public static SqlSession getSqlSession(SqlSessionFactory sessionFactory, ExecutorType executorType, PersistenceExceptionTranslator exceptionTranslator) {    notNull(sessionFactory, "No SqlSessionFactory specified");    notNull(executorType, "No ExecutorType specified");    SqlSessionHolder holder = (SqlSessionHolder) TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(sessionFactory);    // 如果已经有holder,则直接返回,复用连接    if (holder != null && holder.isSynchronizedWithTransaction()) {      if (holder.getExecutorType() != executorType) {        throw new TransientDataAccessResourceException("Cannot change the ExecutorType when there is an existing transaction");      }      holder.requested();      if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {        logger.debug("Fetched SqlSession [" + holder.getSqlSession() + "] from current transaction");      }      return holder.getSqlSession();    }    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {      logger.debug("Creating a new SqlSession");    }    SqlSession session = sessionFactory.openSession(executorType);    // Register session holder if synchronization is active (i.e. a Spring TX is active)    //    // Note: The DataSource used by the Environment should be synchronized with the    // transaction either through DataSourceTxMgr or another tx synchronization.    // Further assume that if an exception is thrown, whatever started the transaction will    // handle closing / rolling back the Connection associated with the SqlSession.    if (TransactionSynchronizationManager.isSynchronizationActive()) {      Environment environment = sessionFactory.getConfiguration().getEnvironment();      if (environment.getTransactionFactory() instanceof SpringManagedTransactionFactory) {        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {          logger.debug("Registering transaction synchronization for SqlSession [" + session + "]");        }        holder = new SqlSessionHolder(session, executorType, exceptionTranslator);        TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(sessionFactory, holder);        TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(new SqlSessionSynchronization(holder, sessionFactory));        holder.setSynchronizedWithTransaction(true);        holder.requested();      } else {        if (TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(environment.getDataSource()) == null) {          if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {            logger.debug("SqlSession [" + session + "] was not registered for synchronization because DataSource is not transactional");          }        } else {          throw new TransientDataAccessResourceException(              "SqlSessionFactory must be using a SpringManagedTransactionFactory in order to use Spring transaction synchronization");        }      }    } else {      if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {        logger.debug("SqlSession [" + session + "] was not registered for synchronization because synchronization is not active");      }    }    return session;  }

如上获取 sqlSession 逻辑,主要分两种情况!

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  1. 如果存在holder,则返回原有的sqlSession,到于这个holder我们稍后再说;

  2. 如果没有,则创建一个新连接!

所以,看起来情况还不是太糟,至少有复用的概念了!

那么问题来了,复用?如何做到线程安全?所以我们要看下 SqlSessionHolder 的实现了!

获取holder是通过 TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(sessionFactory); 获取的:

public static Object getResource(Object key) {        Object actualKey = TransactionSynchronizationUtils.unwrapResourceIfNecessary(key);        // 实际获取        Object value = doGetResource(actualKey);        if (value != null && logger.isTraceEnabled()) {            logger.trace("Retrieved value [" + value + "] for key [" + actualKey + "] bound to thread [" +                    Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]");        }        return value;    }    private static Object doGetResource(Object actualKey) {        Map
map = resources.get(); if (map == null) { return null; } Object value = map.get(actualKey); // Transparently remove ResourceHolder that was marked as void... if (value instanceof ResourceHolder && ((ResourceHolder) value).isVoid()) { map.remove(actualKey); // Remove entire ThreadLocal if empty... if (map.isEmpty()) { resources.remove(); } value = null; } return value; }

咱们忽略对 key 的处理,实际是直接调用 doGetResource() 获取holder。而 doGetResource() 中,则使用了 resources 来保存具体的 kv。 resources 明显是个共享变量,但是看起来这里没有任何的加锁操作!这是为何?

只要看一下 resources 的定义就知道了,其实现为 ThreadLocal, 所以是线程安全了!

private static final ThreadLocal
> resources = new NamedThreadLocal
>("Transactional resources");

在新的请求进来时,自然是没有值的,所以直接返回null.而后续进入,则获取缓存返回!

而对于没有获取到 holder 的情况,则需要重新创建一个 session 了!

这里获取session由DefaultSqlSessionFactory 进行创建!如下:

// org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSessionFactory.openSession()  public SqlSession openSession(ExecutorType execType) {    return openSessionFromDataSource(execType, null, false);  }  private SqlSession openSessionFromDataSource(ExecutorType execType, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean autoCommit) {    Transaction tx = null;    try {      final Environment environment = configuration.getEnvironment();      // SpringManagedTransactionFactory      final TransactionFactory transactionFactory = getTransactionFactoryFromEnvironment(environment);      tx = transactionFactory.newTransaction(environment.getDataSource(), level, autoCommit);      final Executor executor = configuration.newExecutor(tx, execType);      return new DefaultSqlSession(configuration, executor, autoCommit);    } catch (Exception e) {      closeTransaction(tx); // may have fetched a connection so lets call close()      throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error opening session.  Cause: " + e, e);    } finally {      ErrorContext.instance().reset();    }  }

创建 session 几件事:

  • 根据环境配置,开启一个新事务,该事务管理器会负责后续jdbc连接管理工作;

  • 根据事务创建一个 Executor,备用;

  • 用DefaultSqlSession 将 executor 包装后返回,用于后续真正的db操作;

至此,真正的 sqlSession 已经创建成功!返回后,就可以真正使用了!

等等,创建的session好像并没有保存,那么还是那个问题,每个sql都会创建一个 sqlSession ? 好吧,是这样的!前面的holder,只是用于存在事务操作的连接!(holder的理解出了偏差哦)

但是有一点,这里虽然创建了多个 sqlSession 实例,但是并不意味着有多个db连接,具体使用db连接时,则一般会会使用连接池来进行优化!如前面提到的 druid 就是个不错的选择!

真实的jdbc连接获取,是在进行真正的 query 时,才进行调用 getConnection() 进行接入!

具体则是在 doQuery() 时,进行st的组装时调用的 ,如下:

// SimpleExecutor.prepareStatement()  private Statement prepareStatement(StatementHandler handler, Log statementLog) throws SQLException {    Statement stmt;    // 获取 jdbc 连接,返回 java.sql.Connection    Connection connection = getConnection(statementLog);    stmt = handler.prepare(connection);    handler.parameterize(stmt);    return stmt;  }  // 调用 BaseExecutor.getConnection()  protected Connection getConnection(Log statementLog) throws SQLException {    // SpringManagedTransaction 管理 connection    Connection connection = transaction.getConnection();    if (statementLog.isDebugEnabled()) {      return ConnectionLogger.newInstance(connection, statementLog, queryStack);    } else {      return connection;    }  }

通过前面通过事务管理工厂创建的 SpringManagedTransaction 进行 connection 获取!一个事务管理器只会存在一次获取数据库连接的操作!

public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {    if (this.connection == null) {      openConnection();    }    return this.connection;  }  // 而 SpringManagedTransaction 又将connection交由 DataSourceUtils 进行管理!  // org/springframework/jdbc/datasource/DataSourceUtils    public static Connection getConnection(DataSource dataSource) throws CannotGetJdbcConnectionException {        try {            // 真正的连接获取            return doGetConnection(dataSource);        }        catch (SQLException ex) {            throw new CannotGetJdbcConnectionException("Could not get JDBC Connection", ex);        }    }    /**     * Actually obtain a JDBC Connection from the given DataSource.     * Same as {@link #getConnection}, but throwing the original SQLException.     * 

Is aware of a corresponding Connection bound to the current thread, for example * when using {@link DataSourceTransactionManager}. Will bind a Connection to the thread * if transaction synchronization is active (e.g. if in a JTA transaction). *

Directly accessed by {@link TransactionAwareDataSourceProxy}. * @param dataSource the DataSource to obtain Connections from * @return a JDBC Connection from the given DataSource * @throws SQLException if thrown by JDBC methods * @see #doReleaseConnection */ public static Connection doGetConnection(DataSource dataSource) throws SQLException { Assert.notNull(dataSource, "No DataSource specified"); ConnectionHolder conHolder = (ConnectionHolder) TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(dataSource); if (conHolder != null && (conHolder.hasConnection() || conHolder.isSynchronizedWithTransaction())) { conHolder.requested(); if (!conHolder.hasConnection()) { logger.debug("Fetching resumed JDBC Connection from DataSource"); conHolder.setConnection(dataSource.getConnection()); } return conHolder.getConnection(); } // Else we either got no holder or an empty thread-bound holder here. logger.debug("Fetching JDBC Connection from DataSource"); // 通过接入的dataSource进行连接获取,这里将会是最终的jdbc连接 Connection con = dataSource.getConnection(); if (TransactionSynchronizationManager.isSynchronizationActive()) { logger.debug("Registering transaction synchronization for JDBC Connection"); // Use same Connection for further JDBC actions within the transaction. // Thread-bound object will get removed by synchronization at transaction completion. ConnectionHolder holderToUse = conHolder; if (holderToUse == null) { holderToUse = new ConnectionHolder(con); } else { holderToUse.setConnection(con); } holderToUse.requested(); TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization( new ConnectionSynchronization(holderToUse, dataSource)); holderToUse.setSynchronizedWithTransaction(true); if (holderToUse != conHolder) { TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(dataSource, holderToUse); } } return con; }

上面的实现主要做三件事:

  1. 再次确认,是否存在事务处理,holder是否存在,如果有则复用;

  2. 如果没有,那再从数据源处获取连接;

  3. 获取新连接成功后,检查如果存在事务,则将新获取的连接放入holder中保存起来,以备下次使用;

获取jdbc连接后,就可以真正发起execute()查询了。

数据库连接的疑问算是解答了!我们发现,外部的框架并没有多少为我们节省db连接的动作!而是把最终 getConnection() 交给 datasource 数据源!

而真正解决我们连接复用的问题的,是像 Druid 这样的连接池组件!所以,咱们可以单独来看这些中间件了!

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转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/3906190/blog/3048640

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